1. The influence of water distribution uniformity
The uniformity of the water distribution system is a key factor affecting the cooling effect of the Cooling Tower. If the water distribution is uneven, the filler in some areas will get too much water, while other areas will not get enough water. When the water is distributed too much, it may cause the water to flow through the filler too quickly, and it will not have enough time to fully contact with the air for heat exchange. In areas with insufficient water supply, the filler cannot be fully utilized, reducing the heat exchange area of the entire Cooling Tower. For example, in a rotary nozzle water distribution system, if the nozzle is blocked or the angle is deviated, the water distribution will be uneven. Good water distribution uniformity can ensure that the filler is evenly covered with water, so that each drop of water can have enough contact time with the air on the filler, thereby maximizing the heat exchange effect and improving the cooling efficiency.
2. The synergy between water distribution method and air flow
The structure of the water distribution system determines the water spraying method, which is closely related to the flow of air in the Cooling Tower. Different water distribution methods, such as nozzle water distribution and perforated pipe water distribution, will affect the size and distribution of water droplets. In a countercurrent cooling tower, water droplets come into contact with the rising air in the opposite direction. A suitable water distribution method can prolong the residence time of water droplets in the air and increase the contact area between water droplets and air. For example, a water distribution system using an atomizing nozzle can spray water into fine droplets, increasing the contact area between water and air. When these small droplets are fully mixed with the rising cold air, heat can be quickly transferred from the water droplets to the air, improving the cooling effect. In addition, the layout of the water distribution system should consider the flow path of the air to avoid air short-circuiting, that is, the air flows out of the cooling tower without sufficient heat exchange.
3. The impact of the water distribution system on water quality
The structure of the water distribution system will also affect the water quality of the cooling tower, and thus affect the cooling effect. If the material of the water distribution system is prone to corrosion or breeding bacteria, it will contaminate the circulating water. For example, some metal water distribution pipes may rust after long-term contact with water. Rust residue entering the water will block the filler, reduce the permeability of the filler, and affect the heat exchange between water and air. At the same time, an unreasonable water distribution system structure may cause water to be locally retained in the Cooling tower, providing conditions for the growth of algae and bacteria. These microorganisms will form biofilms on the surface of the filler, reducing the heat exchange performance of the filler. A good water distribution system structure can ensure the smooth circulation of water, reduce the risk of water quality deterioration, and maintain good cooling performance.
4. Pressure and flow control of the water distribution system
The pressure and flow control of the water distribution system are crucial to the cooling effect. Appropriate pressure can ensure that water is sprayed evenly on the filler. If the pressure is too high, the water droplets will be broken too small and may be directly carried out of the Cooling tower by the air, resulting in a waste of water resources and reducing the cooling effect. If the pressure is too low, the water cannot be effectively sprayed to all parts of the filler. Flow control is also important. Excessive flow may cause water accumulation in the Cooling tower, while too low flow cannot fully utilize the cooling capacity of the filler. Reasonable control of pressure and flow through valves, water pumps and other equipment in the water distribution system can optimize the cooling effect of the Cooling tower and enable water and air to exchange heat under appropriate conditions.
